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BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme: Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW) Partner Grant

Reference	BB/X018849/1
Principal Investigator / Supervisor	Professor Gary Frost
Co-Investigators / Co-Supervisors
Institution	Imperial College London
Department	Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction
Funding type	Research
Value (£)	734,562
Status	Current
Type	Research Grant
Start date	01/04/2023
End date	31/03/2028
Duration	60 months

Abstract

This project represents Imperial College London's contribution to the delivery of the following Institute Strategic Programme Grant: BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme: Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW), BB/X011003/1. The Frost group at Imperial College London will contribute to the work package 3 Nutritional Traits and particularly the Deliverable D 3.3.3: Enhancing the fibre content of wheat- impact on human health and gut physiology. Over the life of the current ISP with Quadram the Imperial group have developed a methodology of exploring the luminal environment in the human gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the ascending colon. This has given unique insight into how food structures impact on the intestinal environment. In the current poposal the The imperial team will test the hypothesis that regular intake of bread derived from arabinoxylan enriched high fibre lines will improve markers of gut and metabolic health in a medium-term dietary intervention study in healthy volunteers. In a randomised cross-over design participants will consume either a high fibre or control low fibre white bread for a period of 12 weeks as free-living individuals (n=15). In the first and final week of each intervention participants will take part in a clinical intervention to explore acute and chronic effects of high AX wheat breads. During study visits, naso-gastric and naso-duodenal tubes will be placed and volunteers for the first two days. Gastric, duodenal and blood samples will be collected. On the third study day volunteers will have a naso-ileum/colon tube placed in the ileum for ileal and blood samples to be collected. All stool and urine will be collected during the 5 days of investigation. Samples will be analysed to measure metabolomic profiles, luminal glucose and luminal arabinoxylan. ICL hold research ethical permission for a project with similar research methodology and volunteer numbers (19/LO/0962). This study has recruited to time and target.

Summary

Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW) programme is needed because wheat is an indispensable global staple and the major crop of the UK and Western Europe. Wheat will play a crucial part in feeding a world population of 10B by 2050 but its production is fragile as more than half the world supply is from just five countries. This fragility has been tragically demonstrated by the war in Ukraine, an important wheat exporter. Future increases in wheat production have to be achieved without equivalent growth in fertiliser (nitrogen fertilisers are a major source of greenhouse gasses) and water use (all wheat growing regions suffer ground water decline). While facing these challenges farmers are also confronted with yield limiting effects of climate change and new diseases. Adaptations are needed to achieve sustainable production in the coming decades. Wheat also plays an important role in delivering human nutrition. With further enhancements reductions in human misery and healthcare costs are possible by filling dietary gaps with more nutritious wheat. DSW will form a uniquely coordinated UK contribution n to these challenges with strong linkages to the international wheat community. It is in a strong position to do this because the current wheat programme (DFW) has developed world leading experimental platform for wheat research. Extensive specialist gene discovery populations allow us to sample the majority of natural diversity available and to show which elements of this diversity are useful for breeders in tackling the challenges described. DFW uncovered the genetic code for 1000s of these lines. This means that after locating useful genes DSW can understand their role in molecular networks controlling targeted characteristics. With gene editing the function of these DNA changes will be proved. These tools and resources, accessible because of open and fair data access, are powerful but need to be directed towards the right questions. DSW is focussed on crop characteristics chosen in long term discussion with the widest possible group of wheat experts. It will advance understanding of yield determination to increase productivity without equal rates of increase in fertiliser use, so minimising CO2 emissions. Alternative strategies of wheat development which increases yield with minimal sensitivity to temperature will be uncovered. DSW will even investigate how wheat can be a CO2 sink and achieve Net Zero status, for example by deep rooting and assess these new characteristics in farming systems that reflect changes in agriculture, such as the move from ploughing to reduced cultivation practices. This research depends on a deep understanding of the dynamic process of photosynthesis. DSW will identify new disease resistances for existing disease threats and play its part in predicting new threats. Long term solutions for sustainable disease resistance will be found and incorporated into sustainable integrated pest management programmes. The goal to increase nutritional benefits of wheat will focus on Iron, Zinc, Calcium and fibre. For the first time, the wheat programme will conduct human intervention trials to provide direct evidence for the physiological benefits of nutritionally improved wheat. At the heart of the programme, open and fair data access will ensure that DSW delivers. Again, DSW has set up the platform that this excellent research can be translated into progress for plant breeders. DSW invests in pre-breeding so that the new genes, knowledge and new types of wheat feed into breeding. This highly integrated cross disciplinary programme could not be achieved by any one institution. DSW brings together the complementary skills of four research Institutes (John Innes Centre, Rothamsted, Quadram Institute, and Earlham) and five universities (Leeds, Nottingham, Lancaster, Bristol, and Imperial College) and the National Institute of Agricultural Botany.

Committee	Not funded via Committee
Research Topics	X – not assigned to a current Research Topic
Research Priority	X – Research Priority information not available
Research Initiative	X - not in an Initiative
Funding Scheme	X – not Funded via a specific Funding Scheme

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